Assessment of the fundamental right to a safe and healthy working environment in Nepal’s cardamom sector

Plantations, in particular the tea and cardamom sectors, are important drivers of socio-economic growth in Nepal. However, despite their importance and potential for growth and job creation, the sectors are characterized by poor working conditions, lack of information and awareness on fundamental rights issues, including on the right to a safe and healthy working environment, low levels of productivity and skills, inadequate access to public services, and weak trade union presence. Work in these sectors is particularly vulnerable for women, who are often subjected to various forms of workplace harassment, including sexual harassment and discrimination.

Nepal is set to graduate from least developed country (LDC) status in 2026, unlocking new opportunities for economic growth and global integration. With this graduation, there will be increased expectations regarding the realization of the right to a safe and healthy working environment. Therefore, we hope that this report will inform the stakeholders in promoting decent work in a key sector vital to Nepal’s economy.